Alien Registration- Doucette, Lawrence J. (Saint Agatha, Aroostook County)

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The Effects of Mental Age and Chronological Age on Conservation and Classification in Normal and Retarded Children

The effect of experience, as measured by CA, and intelligence on conservation and classification ability was systematically investigated, using groups of retarded and normal subjects matched on MA and CA. Three groups of subjects were matched on a MA of 72 months: a group of 12-year old retarded subjects, a group of 16-year old retarded subjects, and a group of 6-year old normal subjects. The 6-year old normal group was also matched on CA with a mentally retarded group whose MA was 36 months. Three conservation tasks (some-all, a resemblance sorting, hierarchical classification) using both routine test items and real life items (candy and juice) were used. The results indicated that MA was the best predictor of both conservation and classification ability. Subjects also performed better on tasks using real life objects. The results offer support for a number of theoretical assumptions, such as, Inhelder\u27s (1968) theory of fixed operational thought, Piaget\u27s concept of horizontal decalage, and Flavell and Wohwill\u27s (1969) competence-performance model. It was also demonstrated that mentally retarded children were just as likely to resist the counter suggestion of the experimenter as were normal children. All children showed more confidence in their decisions when real life objects were used, by demonstrating greater resistance to counter suggestion on these tasks. The effects of educational experience and individual differences among the subjects were discussed

The Problem with General Utilites: Are There Solutions

This Comment examines the discussion surrounding the General Utilities doctrine, which states, with certain exceptions, that a corporation does not recognize gain upon distribution of appreciated assets. The author examines corporate tax law, and the development of the General Utilities doctrine and the problems associated with its application and usage. The author examines the various arguments for repeal of the General Utilities doctrine and discusses potential solutions to the General Utilities problem, including complete repeal of the doctrine, implementation of a flat tax and integration of the personal and corporate income tax systems

PEP Property Estimation Program and Chemical Property Database

PEP Overview A property Estimation Program (PEP), utilizing MCI-property, TSA-property and property correlations and UNIFAC-derived activity coefficients, has been developed for the Apple Macintosh microcomputer to provide the user with several approaches to estimate S, Kow, Pv, H, Koc, and BCF depending on the information available. Structural information required for the MCi and UNIFAC calculation routines can be entered using either Simplified Molecular Identification and Line Entry System (SMILES) notation or connection tables generated with commercially available two-dimensional drawing programs. The TSA module accepts 3-D atomic coordinates entered manually or directly reads coordinate files generated by molecular modeling software. The program’s built-in intelligence helps the user choose the most appropriate QSPR or QPPR based on the structure of the chemical of interest. In addiction, the statistical information associated with each QSPR or QPPR in PEP can be displayed to help the user determine the model’s validity. For the regression-based property estimation models, assessments of accuracy based on the 95% confidence interval and estimated precision of the experimental values are also provided along with the estimated property value. PEP also provides a batch mode that provides users with a method for the convenient, unattended calculation of MCIs, TSA and UNIFAC activity coefficients and the subsequent estimation of physical properties for large numbers of compounds. A chemical property database, containing experimental values of S, Kow, H, Pv, Koc, and BCF complied from a variety of literature sources and computerized databases was used for developing the MCI-property, TSA-Property and property-property relationships used in PEP. This database, which currently contains over 800 chemicals, is linked directly to PEP. The property estimation modules in PEP are also linked directly to the Level 1 and 2 Fugacity Models. The combination of the various property estimation methods, chemical property database, and simple environmental fate models provides users with a methodology for predicting the environmental distribution of an organic chemical in a multi-phase system requiring only the structure of the chemical of interest as input. PEP was designed to be intuitive and user friendly. The easiest way to become familiar with the PEP is to try clicking on the buttons and pull down menus found on each card. Any comments or suggestions regarding improving the operation of PEP would be greatly appreciated by the authors

Azaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning: A Review on the Chemistry, Ecology, and Toxicology with an Emphasis on Human Health Impacts

Azaspiracids (AZA) are polyether marine toxins that accumulate in various shellfish species and have been associated with severe gastrointestinal human intoxications since 1995. This toxin class has since been reported from several countries, including Morocco and much of western Europe. A regulatory limit of 160 μg AZA/kg whole shellfish flesh was established by the EU in order to protect human health; however, in some cases, AZA concentrations far exceed the action level. Herein we discuss recent advances on the chemistry of various AZA analogs, review the ecology of AZAs, including the putative progenitor algal species, collectively interpret the in vitro and in vivo data on the toxicology of AZAs relating to human health issues, and outline the European legislature associated with AZAs